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A Water Research Foundation Tailored Collaboration project is being conductedto evaluate zero liquid discharge (ZLD) desalination of waters with high concentrationsof natural organic matter (NOM). The technical approach involves treating reverseosmosis (RO) or nanofiltration (NF) membrane concentrate to reduce its fouling potentialso it can be desalinated in a second membrane application. Concentrate generated fromwaters with high organic content must be treated for total organic carbon (TOC) removal to prevent organic fouling as well as removal of calcium, sulfate, and silica to prevent inorganic fouling.The research comprises three phases: preliminary analysis to identify concentratetreatment goals; evaluation of concentrate treatment options; and, evaluation of theeffect of concentrate treatment on performance of the secondary desalination device. Thework is currently in the second phase of evaluation of concentrate treatment options. Thetreatment processes being evaluated for concentrate treatment are chemical softening,fluidized bed crystallization, activated alumina, MIEX, electrodialysis, and coagulationwith ferric chloride. Testing is being conducted on five water sources. The results for onewater source are reported here. The final Water Research Foundation report will bepublished November 2010. Includes reference, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2009 Number of Pages: 15File Size: 1 file , 860 KB