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This powerpoint presentation begins by providing a brief overview of the challenges of concentrate management, and the development of a hybrid approach. Overall project goals were to:examine the removal of the sparingly solublesalts (e.g., Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, and silica) throughintermediate precipitation after reverse osmosis (RO);examine the salt removal efficiency of two typesof ED membranes; and,investigate the performance and cost of thehybrid RO-intermediate precipitation-ED/EDRsystem to improve water recovery of differenttypes of brackish water. Research approach included the following:preliminary analysis using KMS ROPRO tocalculate the water quality of RO concentrate(TFC-ULP);batch sequential operation of RO, intermediate precipitation andED; water quality modeling to optimize operationalparameters; and,economic-technical assessment. Presentationconclusions indicate that:ED/EDR is a viable technology to treat RO concentrate,in particular, with high silica concentration;at least 80% recovery can be achieved by EDtreatment, increasing overall recovery to 94-97%; normal grade ion-exchange membranes exhibitedhigher salt removal than monovalent permselectivemembranes, however, intermediate precipitation isrequired to remove sparingly soluble salts; and,for ZLD with an evaporation pond, the RO-ED/EDRconfiguration would have a 25 to 42 percent costadvantage over conventional RO system. Includes tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2008 Number of Pages: 28File Size: 1 file , 1.1 MB