Full Description

This research was undertaken to identify the residualrisk of Cryptosporidium infection, even with ultraviolet(UV) disinfection, and provide rational guidancefor the application of mitigation measures to maximizeUV disinfection system reliability and maintain compliancewith the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface WaterTreatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). The most significantfindings include: seemingly minor increases in UV disinfectionsystem downtime significantly reduce the netdisinfection credit; the LT2ESWTR allowance for5% off-specification operation is too lenient for filteredwater systems in bins 3 and 4 and unfiltered surfacewater systems; and, power quality mitigation measuresare recommended except in certain bin 2 cases.Recommended steps to increase UV disinfectionsystem reliability include providing redundant equipment,standby power, active series compensators, andan uninterruptible power supply. By following theguidance suggested, utilities can more effectively plan,design, build, operate, and finance UV disinfectionsystems to ensure maximum reliability and LT2ESWTRcompliance. Includes 8 references, tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. 99 - No. 4 Published: 04/01/2007 Number of Pages: 8File Size: 1 file , 150 KB