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This slide presentation outlines a comparison of two state-of-the-art water treatment plants (WTPs) designed eight years apart. The issues include: both towns have high levels of Fe and Mn;staining with red or black material;taste - metallic or vinyl;appearance - color, oily appearance, crusty sheento water's surface; may grow bacteria; and, may cause slimes and clogging of water systems. Pilot studies were done on theLittleton WTP fromNovember 1993 to January 1994 and fromFebruary to March 1995, and on theFranklin WTP fromJune to July 2002. Theprimary goal was to reduce Iron and Manganese:Iron (Fe) 0.3 mg/l, and Manganese (Mn) 0.05 mg/. The Littleton Pilot Study involved testingthree technologies that included:ozone oxidation followed by membrane filtration;manganese greensand adsorption; and,oxide coated sand filtration.All three alternatives reduced iron andmanganese to very low levels- 0.05 mg/l.Only ozone/ultrafiltration met the secondary goals that included:meeting possible future regulations; minimizing quantities of residuals; and,ease of operation as plant is un-manned part of day. The Franklin Pilot Study only examined oxidation followed by membranes.Two membrane manufacturers participated inthe pilot trials that involvedozone followed by membranes andpotassium permanganate followed by membranes. Both iron and manganese were reduced to0.05 mg/l.Franklin selected ozone followed by membranes for its treatment method. Includes tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/01/2007 Number of Pages: 26File Size: 1 file , 770 KB