Full Description

More than 90 percent of the community water systems in the United States are small systems thatserve fewer than 10,000 people. The majority of these small systems use groundwater as theirsole water supply. Increasing water demands and limited groundwater availability are forcing anincreasing number of small systems to consider surface water to augment or, in some cases,replace their existing groundwater sources.Developing a new surface water supply can be very challenging; especially to a small watersystem that has used only groundwater. These systems, which often have limited technical andfinancial resources, face a myriad of technical and financial decisions. This paper describesa small system's development of a new surface water supply and discusses the followingchallenges that must be addressed:regulations that apply to the use and treatment of surface water;source water quality;treatment goals;treatment processes;blending of surface water with groundwater in a single distribution system;funding and constructing the improvements; and,public acceptance.For a small system in Maryland, treatment technologies such as conventional with high-ratesettling, membranes, and various proprietary technologies were evaluated. Although thesetechnologies were found to be technically feasible for treatment, the real challenge for a smallsystem is affordability. Includes 5 references, tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/01/2006 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 260 KB