Full Description

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is gaining popularity with North American utilities that are seeking to increasedisinfection barriers or to meet future regulations. Over 30 utilities in North America haveinstalled or are currently designing UV disinfection facilities. UV retrofit costs have beenreported previously by Cotton et al (2001) and US Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA) (2003a); however, these costs were estimated based on general assumptions and notspecific UV retrofit conditions. To assess these previously reported costs, a limited survey wascompleted to gather UV retrofit assumptions and costs, and eighteen utilities provided costassumptions and cost estimates. Each utility provided the following information:the date that the cost estimate was prepared;the design and average flow for the UV facility;the design of the UV transmittance (percent at 254 nm);status of the design (i.e., conceptual, preliminary, final design, actual contractor costs); and,a detailed cost breakdown for the UV facility including: UV reactors, pipes, fittings, valves,building, instrumentation, ventilation, electrical, design and construction management, andmark-ups.These "actual" assumptions and costs were compiled and compared to previous general UV costestimates presented by the USEPA in 2003. In addition, several cost component trends wereobserved. The previous cost models were revised to better reflect current UV disinfectionretrofit trends and are presented in this paper. Includes 4 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/01/2005 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 320 KB