Full Description

This study forms part of two important on-going research projects that focus onbrine management issues and will help utilities assess their brine disposal options interms of both technical options and practical, region-specific implementation hurdles. These include an Awwa Research Foundation project, Desalination Product WaterRecovery and Concentrate Volume Minimization, that was recently begun, and a JointWater Reuse Task Force project, Regional Solutions to Concentrate Management(managed by the Water Reuse Foundation).The promising and emerging approaches to desalination and its brinemanagement that aim to significantly reduce the volume of brine produced (near zeroliquid discharge), or eliminate it by reducing it to solid products (zero liquid discharge),are of key interest to the future success of this technology, especially for inland sites.The paper describes the near-zero liquid discharge (near-ZLD) andzero liquid discharge (ZLD) methods of brine disposal and minimization, including theavailable methods, their characteristics (e.g. energy usage, costs) and future direction.Secondly, strategies for development of regional solutions for desalination concentratedisposal and management are explored using the available and emerging disposaloptions in combination with a decision methodology for managers, regulators andstakeholders to assess the viability of concentrate disposal options on a regional andlocal basis. Includes reference.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/17/2005 Number of Pages: 5File Size: 1 file , 460 KB