Full Description

Low-pressure membrane technologies are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment ofwater sources used for drinking purposes. These membranes are generally classified as eithermicrofiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF). Although it is generally assumed that UF membranesprovide effective virus removal and MF membranes do not, these classifications do not accuratelydescribe their capabilities to remove a wide array of microorganisms. As a result of the exponentialgrowth in the membrane market, it is anticipated that new membranes will be developed for watertreatment purposes. Membranes have traditionally been characterized based on nominal pore sizedesignations or molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs). However, assumptions about microbialremoval based on these descriptions can be inaccurate. Consequently, an AWWARF-funded studywas undertaken to characterize membranes at bench scale based upon their capability to removespecific microorganisms. A previously developed, peer-review protocol was employed to develop amicrobial removal rating system for membranes. Materials and methods used include: low-pressure membrane testing unit and membrane modules; disinfection of experimental system; organisms used for bench-scale challenge experiments; microbial challenge experiments; determination of specific flux. Analytical methods are given for: pH; temperature, conductivity; chlorine preparation for membrane cleaning; and, bacteriophages. Includes 6 references, tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/01/2005 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 360 KB