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This paper outlines the steps of the decision making process associatedwith adding membranes during a future plant expansion. The initial steps includefeasibility assessments to determine any site-specific or water quality challenges that mayeliminate membranes from further consideration. Next, preliminary design can revealsite layout alternatives, pretreatment process requirements, and budget-level costs forcomparison to conventional treatment. If there are uncertainties with the treatmentprocess, pilot testing can be performed. Finally, a thorough evaluation of all significantsite and expansion issues (e.g., available space for future expansions, risk for futureregulatory compliance, plant hydraulics, etc.) can be made prior to embarking on designof membranes for expansion.The experiences of the Modesto Irrigation District (MID) are highlighted as an exampleof how to navigate this decision-making process. With an expansion from 36 to 72 mgd,membranes seemed a viable alternative to the existing conventional water treatment plant(WTP) train at MID. Includes figure.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/01/2005 Number of Pages: 6File Size: 1 file , 340 KB