Full Description

This study investigated enhanced removal of viruses and natural organic matter (NOM)using ceramic microfiltration (MF) with polymerized aluminum chloride (PACl)coagulation and submicron powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption pretreatments.For virus removal by the MF with the coagulation pretreatment, the study confirmed themethod's unexpectedly high performance: virus removal was more than 6 logs, eventhough the tested Q virus was much smaller than the membrane nominal pore size of100 nm. Virus adsorption onto the floc particles retained on the membrane surface andthe virus inactivation by the addition of the PACl contributed to the virus removal. Thecoagulant dose, membrane pore size, and coagulation time affected virus removal, butincreasing coagulant dose was most effective for overall virus removal. To enhanceremoval of NOM by ceramic MF of water samples pretreated with PAC and the PACl,manufacturer-supplied normal PAC was crushed to produce submicron-sized PACparticles. The submicron PAC removed NOM much better than the normal PACbecause of improvements in both adsorption capacity and kinetics. Because of thedrastically improved NOM removal rate, a 30-s retention time for the PAC pretreatmentwas sufficient for adsorptive removal of NOM in the ceramic MF. No additionaltransmembrane pressure buildup or membrane fouling caused by addition of thesubmicron PAC itself was observed. Includes 10 references, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/01/2005 Number of Pages: 10File Size: 1 file , 460 KB