Full Description

As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is tightening the Disinfection Byproduct(DBP) rule, many utilities are considering process enhancement and optimization to controlDBP formation. The existing MCLs for DBPs are based on system-wide running annualaverages (RAA). The revised rule to be finalized in 2005, asks for compliance at eachsampling site.The Water Works and Sewer Board of the City of Birmingham, Alabama (Board) hasfour water filtration plants. The Board undertook this project to evaluate its options tocomply with the upcoming Stage 2 DBP rule. This study evaluated current treatmentprocesses at the plants and several other alternative process trains developed by modifyingthe existing treatment scheme, using Water Treatment Plant (WTP) model developed by theUSEPA. The alternative process trains include post filter granular activated carbon (GAC), biologically activated GACfilters (BAF), ozone and ultraviolet (UV) system. Chemical additions were also varied and freechlorine, chloramines and chlorine dioxide additions were evaluated. Optimizedcoagulation (OC) for different alternatives was also modeled. The DBP values as well asCT ratios for Giardia and Viruses at various time intervals were examined for qualitativecomparison among the processes. This paper discusses the WTP modeling process forDBPs and how comparisons were developed among the alternative scenarios simulatedfor the Plants. Includes 4 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/15/2004 Number of Pages: 17File Size: 1 file , 1.1 MB