Full Description

The majority of public water systems utilizing chloramines for secondary disinfectionindicate that nitrification is either an ongoing problem or a concern. Some researchershave reported that approximately two-thirds of chloraminated systems experience someindication of nitrification, although conditions do not always warrant taking remedialmeasures. The concern regarding nitrification was confirmed through a recent survey of63 systems that use chloramines. This paper provides some background information onthe importance of nitrification, how to monitor for nitrification, methods of controllingnitrification, and a suggested action plan for avoiding nitrification.This paper also outlines a monitoring protocol for nitrification including whichconstituents to include in the sampling program, the frequency of monitoring, and how tointerpret the results. Methods of controlling nitrification, including prevention, arediscussed. Included in this discussion are the importance of tracking water qualitychanges, suggestions for maintaining chloramine residuals, the need to reduce water age,and suggested target ratios for chlorine to ammonia.Remedial methods for controlling nitrification are also discussed. These methods includeperiodic breakpoint chlorination, the use of chlorite to stabilize chloramines and reducedegradation, flushing, and adjusting water quality. The paper concludes with a suggestedaction plan for systems using chloramines for secondary disinfection. Includes 5 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/15/2004 Number of Pages: 9File Size: 1 file , 490 KB