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This paper discusses a AwwaRF-funded research project to summarize theissues associated with application of membranes and the effectiveness of integratingmembranes with other processes and to develop a computer model to assist utilities indetermining the applicability of membranes in addressing various water quality issues. a diverse cross section of membrane plants currently inoperation has been closely studied. In essence, the plants varied in several aspects suchas capacity, types of pretreatment, types of membranes (for example, submerged andencased), membrane chemistry, decision drivers, and geographical location. This paperpresents results of more than ten in-depth case studies conducted as part of the researcheffort. The focus is on process selection decisions and designconsiderations including necessary pretreatment, hydraulics and control logic,commissioning and waste disposal options.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/15/2004 Number of Pages: 5File Size: 1 file , 400 KB