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Raw water sources for the Palmdale Water District (District) include State Project Water (SPW)and Littlerock Reservoir, which are treated at the Palmdale Water Treatment Plant (WTP), andalso several groundwater wells. The District has struggled to comply with Stage 1 of theDisinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR), which includes stringent limits onchlorination byproducts, in particular total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) and five haloacetic acids(HAA-5). The main reasons for the elevated levels of TTHMs and HAA-5 are the nature andamount of natural organic matter (NOM) and the presence of significant concentrations ofbromide in SPW. The District has taken steps to reduce disinfection byproduct (DBP) levelswithin the distribution system, such as increasing the use of groundwater (and decreasing theuse of SPW) and increasing coagulant doses. Neither of these strategies is a sufficient longterm solution.The District is performing apilot study to evaluate combinations of processes to improve DBP control at the plant and toachieve compliance with the Stage 1 and 2 D/DBPRs. Process operating conditions, designcriteria and, preliminary costs were developed in a previous desk-top level study, for MIEX, granular activated carbon(GAC), fixed bed ion exchange (IX), and high-pressure membranes. That study formed the basisfor selection of initial operating conditions for this pilot study. Process combination for THMprecursor removal, included in the pilot study are:MIEX (magnetically impregnated ion exchange resin) with enhanced coagulation anddownstream GAC treatment;MIEX in combination with a novel ceramic membrane; and,Fixed-bed IX with conventional treatment.GAC treatment was also investigated for removal of THMs formed in the upstream processes.Plant operations data indicates that bromide is largely incorporated into THMs within thetreatment train. Adsorption of those THMs would mean that the GAC was essentially functioningas a bromide removal process.This paper presents preliminary results for the MIEX/conventional treatment combination.Tentative conclusions are provided, based on an analysis of the pilot data collected to date, andthe results of the previous desk-top study. Includes tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/15/2004 Number of Pages: 9File Size: 1 file , 270 KB