Full Description

The use of microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) low-pressure membrane processes forsurface water treatment has caught the attention of water plant developers and engineers. Sincethat time, MF and UF have economically penetrated the water treatment market during the 1990s.One of the current practical operation issues that impacts permitting of MF and UF processesinvolves the monitoring of the integrity and treatment efficacy of the process to assure regulatedpublic health goals. While challenge testing can demonstrate the ability of an integral membraneprocess to remove contaminants such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia, integrity breaches candevelop in the membrane during normal operation that could allow the passage of suchmicroorganisms.In order to verify the removal efficiency of membrane filtration processes during operation,direct integrity testing is required per the LT2ESWTR (40 CFR 141.728). The final LT2ESWTRare expected at least 18 months after the close of the public comment period, in mid-2005. It isanticipated that the LT2SWTR will alleviate the current inconsistencies among states relative tolog removal or disinfection credit applied to the membrane filtration process. This documentbriefly provides an overview of membrane processes, their application and methods used toverify the integrity of membranes for use in water treatment. Includes 6 references, tables.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/17/2004 Number of Pages: 9File Size: 1 file , 300 KB