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AWWA ACE60047

AWWA ACE60047 The Use of Ferrous Chloride for the Reduction of Chlorite and as an Alternative Coagulant

Conference Proceeding by American Water Works Association, 06/17/2004

Liang, Sun; Krasner, Stuart W.; Yun, Tae I.; Yates, Richard S.; Mofidi, Alexander A.; Coffey, Bradley M.

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The formation of the chlorine dioxide (ClOsub2/sub) byproduct chlorite (ClOsub2/subsup-/sup) ion typically limits themaximum ClOsub2/sub dose to ~1.25 mg/L to reliably ensure that ClOsub2/subsup-/sup levels do not exceed its maximumcontaminant level of 1.0 mg/L. This ClOsub2/sub dose may be inadequate to meet disinfectionrequirements in waters exhibiting high demands. This study evaluated the use of ferrouschloride (FeClsub2/sub) to significantly reduce ClOsub2/subsup-/sup levels following treatment with high doses ofClOsub2/sub. In addition, the effect of FeClsub2/sub alone and in combination with ferric chloride as analternative coagulant on overall coagulation-filtration treatment process performance was studiedat a 5.5-mgd demonstration-scale plant. Data were developed to enable a balancing ofdisinfection, disinfection byproduct formation, and filtration requirements at full-scale facilities. Includes 15 references, tables, figures.

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