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Source water protection aims to prevent the pollution of surface water and groundwater that are used as drinkingwater sources. The main objective is to protect drinking water sources to avoid their contamination, as defined inthe Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) amendments of 1996 and the pending Long Term 2 Enhanced SurfaceWater Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). As part of the source water protection, public water systems generate asource water assessment of potential contaminants and develop appropriate source water protection plans. Ofparticular interest to public water systems is the microbial contaminant Cryptosporidium, a human pathogenpresent in the environment in its oocyst form that is resistant to traditional chlorination and oxidation treatmentsused at most drinking water utilities. The LT2ESWTR's main purpose is to provide utilities with treatmentprocesses aimed at eliminating Cryptosporidium in finished water. These treatment processes are called theMicrobial Toolbox. A tool of particular interest to the industry is the Watershed Protection Program. Also,watershed management is an essential barrier of protection against the presence of pathogens in drinking water. Inthis paper, the transport and fate of Cryptosporidium in a watershed are investigated and the development ofprocedures and techniques for source water protection are presented. Results demonstrate that Cryptosporidiumoocysts can travel far and fast, not only via surface runoff but also through the subsurface environment. Multi-integratedbarriers to protect water sources from Cryptosporidium are presented through a range of techniques andtools. Among these multi-barriers, the main one is the prevention barrier that can be identified through best management practices (BMPs). This information will assist utilities in developing a WatershedProtection Program as outlined in the LT2ESWTR. Includes 98 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 01/11/2004 Number of Pages: 20File Size: 1 file , 490 KB