Full Description

The Tampa Bay Water Authority recently converted its distribution disinfectant from freechlorine to chloramines. Tampa Bay Water owns and operates a system of well fields, watertreatment plants, pumping stations, and transmission lines which supply drinking water to sixdifferent entities in three different counties.While preparing for this conversion, several utilities that used chloramines were contacted forinformation. A wide range of practices, understandings, and experiences was found among theutilities. A project was initiated to capture the best practices in a guidance manual for use byTampa Bay Water and its member agencies. Specific issues of concern were: nitrification;presence of biofilms and other microbial contaminants; problems with converting from freechlorine; optimizing the process; controlling the process; consumer acceptance; and,other problems associated with conversion.A wide range of utilities were initially contacted by letter and telephone interviews wereconducted depending on their response. Based on the telephone interviews, thirteen utilitieswere selected for a more in-depth evaluation and site visits were made to these thirteen locations.The purpose of the site visit was to confirm exactly how the system was being operated as wellas to confirm actual results. During each site visit, operating personnel were queried regardingfluctuations in chlorine:ammonia ratios and any noticeable effects that these fluctuations had onnitrification, finished water TOC, what routine water quality monitoring was being conducted,and what type of flushing program was practiced. Of special interest was whether the systempracticed a "free chlorine burn" or not, and if so, was it necessary and/or productive. Includes 5 references, tables, figures.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/02/2003 Number of Pages: 14File Size: 1 file , 280 KB