Full Description

In the last decade the number of large-scale, greater than 1 mgd (4 Ml/d), water treatmentplants applying microfiltration or ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membranes has increasedrapidly, from one to almost 100 worldwide. Projects implemented in the first half of the1990s decade generally applied MF/UF with minimal pretreatment, typically just a 200 to500 micron prescreen. More recently, MF/UF membranes have been integrated withadditional operations. It is beneficial for utilities and engineers consideringimplementation of membrane filtration to understand the increased range of treatmentobjectives and, in some cases, lower life cycle costs, offered by integrating MF/UF withmore conventional processes. This paper discussesmethods for integrating MF/UF membranes into water treatment plants that include:simple membrane filtration (with minimal pretreatment);direct membrane filtration (coagulated-flocculated water to MF/UF);coagulation-sedimentation (settled water to MF/UF);lime softening; and,integration with post-treatment, such as granular activated carbon (GAC), reverseosmosis (RO) membranes, or ultraviolet (UV) light disinfection.Specific projects are presented in the paper as examples to give a better understanding of howmembrane processes are being applied today. Includes 5 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/02/2003 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 730 KB