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The City of Philadelphia has long-term goals of looking for strategies to reducethe formation of disinfection byproducts. One of the strategies involves getting a betterunderstanding of the make-up of source waters in order to determine the best treatmenttechnology. Using XAD-4 and XAD-8 resins, natural organic matter (NOM) inPhiladelphia's sources of drinking water (Wissahickon River, Schuylkill River, andDelaware River) was fractionated based on the selectivity of the resin towards differentfunctional groups. The filtered source waters and fractions were reacted with chlorine todetermine their contribution to the formation of disinfection byproducts (THM4, HAA6,TOX, haloacetonitriles, haloketones, chloral hydrate, and chloropicrin). The isolatedfractions were humic/fulvic acid, fulvic acid, non-humic, and non-acid hydrophilic. Fromthe isolated fractions, characteristics were determined by calculation for the fractions ofhumic, humic acid, hydrophobic neutrals, and hydrophilic acid.The fulvic acid and non-acid hydrophilic fractions made up most of thecomposition of the NOM. The humic fraction, composed mostly of fulvic acid, exhibitedthe highest reactivity (measured as specific formation potential, or SFP) with chlorine.The NOM from the Delaware River was found to be the most reactive in terms of TOXand HAA6 formation. The reactivities were sometimes highly variable over time for eachlocation and some fractions exhibited a gradual decline in reactivity. SUVA-254 showedgood agreement in terms of the relationship of reactivity to predicted fractioncomposition. Includes 7 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/02/2003 Number of Pages: 20File Size: 1 file , 400 KB