Full Description

Membranes can fit in a variety of applications. They can be used post-filtrationas a final polishing step; they can be used to replace existing gravity filters; and,depending on raw water quality, they can be used in lieu of an entireconventional treatment facility. The evaluation of the best membrane applicationfor a specific water system is a balance of costs vs. risk tolerance.A number of water treatment facilities across the United States are facing facilityupgrades and low-pressure membranes will undoubtedly be one of the manyoptions considered. A number of site-specific issues must be addressed atindividual facilities, and, to date, little industry guidance is available to publicwater systems when considering membrane technology and its most cost-effectiveapplication point. This paper highlights some of theissues that should be addressed, which are based on a real-life example recentlyexperienced in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Product Details

Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 06/15/2003 Number of Pages: 7File Size: 1 file , 260 KB