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A systematic investigation of the role of feed water recovery in combined (colloidal plusnatural organic matter (NOM)) fouling of nanofiltration (NF) membranes is reported in this paper. A briefmathematical expression relating NF product water recovery to feed water concentrationfactors enables both qualitative and quantitative analyses of membrane fouling, which can berelated to full-scale NF systems. Permeate disposal fouling experiments were carried outwith a thin-film composite NF membrane and a bench-scale, crossflow membrane unit atvarious combinations of solution chemistries and hydrodynamic conditions. Resultsdemonstrate that the effects of ionic strength, divalent ions (Ca2+), and initial flux on thefouling behavior are quite different in combined (colloids plus NOM) fouling compared toindividual colloid and NOM fouling. Includes 8 references, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 03/05/2003 Number of Pages: 12File Size: 1 file , 380 KB