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The Grand Forks Water Treatment Plant of Grand Forks, North Dakota,treats raw water from two surface water sources highly variable in temperature,turbidity, total hardness, and total organic carbon (TOC). The available poorquality water sources coupled with proposed and anticipated stringent regulatoryrequirements prompted the City of Grand Forks to evaluate alternate treatmenttechnologies, including membrane technology, for possible implementation at a newtreatment facility. Three ultrafiltration (UF) pilot systems were operated andmonitored following the softening/recarbonation process over a 10-month timeperiod to obtain operating data during critical water quality conditions,corresponding to winter, spring transition and runoff, and summer. Pilot systemperformance was evaluated based on the ability to operate at reasonable recoveryand temperature-corrected flux rates under gradual and abruptly changing waterquality conditions. The pilot systems were also evaluated for chemical cleaningfrequency, irreversible fouling, operation with powdered activated carbon, anddisinfection byproduct precursor removal. This paper reports the results of thepilot testing. Includes table, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 01/01/2000 Number of Pages: 11File Size: 1 file , 360 KB