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Attempts to optimize water treatment for reducing trihalomethane (THM) formation have resulted in the need for modifications with respect to manganese removal. This article reviews the use of hypochlorous acid, potassium permanganate, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide for their ability to oxidize reduced manganese from surface water supplies. The effects of changes in the total organic carbon concentration of the raw water, temperature, and pH on oxidation efficiency are evaluated. Results indicate that chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, and free chlorine are effective for manganese oxidation, although each had advantages and disadvantages. Free chlorine was found to oxidize manganese efficiently, but only under alkaline pH conditions. Also, its use would be limited to waters with low THM formation potentials. Other oxidants were costly, oxidized manganese inefficiently in the presence of significant organic matter, or were not highly effective at low temperatures. Hydrogen peroxide was found to be ineffective for manganese removal. Includes 7 references, tables, figures.

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Edition: Vol. 79 - No. 3 Published: 03/01/1987 Number of Pages: 5File Size: 1 file , 1.2 MB